Improvement in power-loom for weaving ingrain carpet



NJETERS, PHOTU-LITHOGRAPNER WASHINGTON D C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLAM MURKLAND AND JOHN W. MURKLAND, OF LOVELL, MASS.

IMPROVEMENT IN POWER-LOOM FOR WEAVING INGRAIN CARPET.

Specification ibrming part of Letters Patent No. 97.106, dated November 23, 1869.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM MURKLAND and JOHN XV. MURKLAND, both of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving Carpets and other Figured Fabrics; and we do hereby declare that the following' is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to` the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Our invention is applicable to power-looms for weavin g carpets andl other gured fabrics; and it consists in an arrangement oi' levers for operating both the trap-boards and the journals, whereby the loom is simplified and rendered less complicated; also, in devices for revolving the cylinder-boxes during the ascending or descending movement of the shuttle-box frame; also, in the arrangement of the cylinder-boxes with the vertical-sliding boxes, the object being to bring the weight of the cylinder-boxes nearer the fulcrum of the shuttlc-box frame, thus reducing the momentum at the swing of the lathe also, in the arrangement of the shuttle-boxes within an independent frame in the lay, and iu connection with suitable springs, whereby the boxes may yield at the beat of the lay to avoid unnecessary `iar; also, in mechanism for operating the cylinder-boxes by means of the jacquard; also, in a device for reversing the lay-shaft when occasion requires, eitherin absence of the tilling or breaking of the same, or other causes.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use our invention, we will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

Figure l represents a front elevation of a loom with our improvement attached; Fig. 2 represents an elevation of the right-hand end. Fig. 3 represents an elevation of the left-hand end. Fig. et represents a central vertical section, looking toward the lei'tfhand end. Fig. 5 represents a plan of the shuttle-box frame and shuttle-box, with parts broken out, showing the shuttle-box, spring, and binder combined. Fig. 6 represents a vertical section of the left-hand shuttle-box frame, looking toward the loom. Fig. 7 represents a vertical section of the top of the lathe, showing the yielding grate for the filling-fork. Fig. S represents a side elevation of the index-cam, showing its construction. Fig. 9 represents a ccntral vertical section of a part of the loom, looking toward the left-hand end. Fig. 10 represents a part of a back elevation.

Similar letters in the different figures indicate corresponding parts.

A and B represent the sides of the main part of the frame of the loom. C is the layshaft. Located and sliding on this shaft C, between and close up to the sides A and B, are the cams a and b, which operate the picker-levers c and d alternately, or as occasion may require. These calns a and b are provided with collars c and f, the collar f working in the end of the lever g, which is pivoted at its center to the girt D, the lower end of said lever g connecting with the index-cam E, which is attached to the side of the loom by a stud.

Connected with thc top of the lever gis the adjustable rod i, the other end of which connects with the arm lf, the lower end of this arm h being pivoted to the girt D, the other end connecting with the collare on the cam a.

The index-cam E is formed in three pieces, which are changeable, as shown in Fig. S ot' the drawings, they being so formed that the loom can be changed to weave shot and shot about or plain by changing the place of the piece F and placing it on the opposite side. 0u the right-hand end of this lay-shaft C is secured the spur-gear Gr. On the left-hand end is secured the pinion-gcarH. Also secured to the extreme ends of this shaft C are the arms j and k, with wrist-pins l and on, which receive the connecting-rods nando, the other ends of said connecting-rods n and o connecting, near each end ot' the loom, with the lathe I.

Connected with thc pinion H is the gear J, which is secured'to thc shaft K near the outside ofthe frame A. N is the chain-wheel. Secured to the shaft K, near each end, inside ofthe stands L and M, are the cams O and P, which operate the shuttleboxes p p and qq by means of the levers o and s1, they being hinged at one end to the rods t and u, the

other ends connecting with the sliding vertical rods o and w by link-joints. These vertical rods operate in sockets .fr aud y, which are.

secured to the lathe-shaft It, which rests `in bearings formed in the frame sides A and B and stands z z; and to this shaft the lathe I is secured by means of the swords a2 and b2. Located at each end of the lathe I are the shuttle-box frames S S, the lower parts of which are attached to the lathe-shaft It. The top of these frames passes through an opening in the lathe-frame. These frames S S each contain a series of vertical and cylinder shuttleboxcs, p p p p and q q q q, the cylinder boxes q q q q being located underneath the vertical boxes p p p p, each of these boxes p p p p and q q q q being provided with steelspring shuttle-binders c2 c2, formed in one piece, which serve a twofold purpose-viz., they stop the shuttle with but little jar to the filling, and hold the same firmly while in the boxes p p and q q. One end of these shuttle-binders c2 c c2 is held firmly in a socket by means of a set-screw. The other end plays freely in a corresponding socket, as fully shown in Fig. 5. These vertical and revolving boxes p p and q q are caused to ascend or descend by means of the connecting-rods d2 cl2, which are furnished with adjustable springs e2 e2. Located directly under the back part of each end of the lathe I are the horizontal girts f2 f 2, they being attached to each side of the shuttlebox frames S S. These girts operate against springs f1 f l near their center, which springs f1 j'1 are secured tothe projections g1 g1 on the back part of the lathe I, the object being to allow them to yield, so as to prevent the accustomed and usual jar at the beat of the same.

T is the cam-shaft, which is located near the top ofthe loom. On the left-hand side of the loom, and secured to the extreme end of the shaft T, is the 4chain-wheel U, over which passes the chain g2, which connects with the chain-gear N. Secured to this shaft T, between the frame sides A and B, are the double cams h1 7L* and h2 h2, which operate the trapboards t" and il by means of the levers jl and j2 and connecting-rods k1 k. These levers jl and j are connected with the journals Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 by suitable rods, straps, or chains if L@ L2 7.12. Said journals Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are guided at each end by guides l l, which are secured to the inside of the frame sides A and B, and are furnished with weights l2 Z2 l2 l2.

V2 is the jacquard frame, which is secured to the top of the loom, and in which the trapboards il and i2 operate. The levers jl il and jzj are connected to the shafts m ml, and their outer ends are provided with studs, which, during the movement of the levers, connect with the rods k1 kl, which are connected with the trap-boards t" and i2 at each end. m2 m2 are levers, secured to the inside of the frame A near its bottom. One end of said levers m2 m2 connects wit-h the trap-boards il t2 or the journals Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 by means of a cord, chain, or strap, nl vn.1 and k2 k2, the other end being connected in a similar manner to cach end of the cam-lever '112. This cam-lever n2 is provided with a stud, and is secured to the arm ol, said arm projecting backward from the shuttle-box frames S S.' Secured to the under side of this arm oI is a spring, o2, which operates against the cam-lever a2, as shown in Fig. 11 of the drawings, the red lines showing the different positions the cam-lever a2 is placed in, and also the ollice of the spring o", which is to hold the lever n2 firmly in those positions.

I)l is the forked hook, connected to the shuttle-box frames S S at the bottom. The forked parts of these hooks r and r2 connect, as occasion requires, with the cogged or piu wheel p2, located and secured to one end of the revolving boxes q q, which, after said boxes q q are operated upon by said hooks, are held in position by the hammers ql q, aided by the springs q2 g2. This forked hook P is connected near the junction of the forks i r2 by a stud and arm, s3, to the cam-lever n2.

The positive takc-up motion, as shown in the drawings, is the usual and common device, consisting of pressure-rolls s2 s?, operated from the shaft k by bevel-gears t1 tl, diagonal shaft t2, worm and worln-gears, and spurgears, ul, u2, and o.

The cloth-roll 'v2 is operated in the usual manner by a pawl attached to the sword b2 of the lathe I, operating the ratchet wl at every beat of thc same, which operates the roll t# by means of the :intermediate gears, thus wind ing the fabric as fast as woven.

The last two devices described are commonly used. They therefore make no part of our invention, and consequently we make no claim to them.

The general operations of the loom and many of the devices represented in the drawings arc similar to those of ordinary powerlooms.

Such are the nature and perfection required :in weaving carpets and other figured fabrics that where thc filling-thread is disconnected in the warp, in whatever location, either b v its being broken or exhausted from the shuttle1 the succeeding thread of filling must be co1umenced in the same location of the warp where the end of the last thread was left. Hence the great necessity of an efficient, active, and simple device for restoring the entire action of the loom to that point--viz.,the exact position or point where the last thread was leftwhich we accomplish by means of the trcadlclever 102, hung or hinged to the lathe-shaft ll., which we have located on the right-hand side of the loom, one end of this treadlc-lever w? connecting with the pa-wl xl, which operates the ratchet G, which gives the lathe I and parts connected with it a backward movement.

Ordinary filling-forks are usually so rigid and inflexible that they are oftentimes destructive, causing the filling-thread to be cut orbroken at the point where the action of the fork comes directly in contact with it. To obviatc this difficulty we `add to the fork Ir* a yielding grate, a3, as fully shown in lig. 7 of the drawings, the other parts, with connections, connecting the grate a3 with the shipper c3, as represented in different figures of the drawings, being the same as are now commonly in use. The grate a3 not only yields and eases the action of the fork b3, but entirely prevents the cutting a-nd breaking of the threads at this point.

In the common arrangement of the revolving and vertical shuttle-boxes now in use, the revolving boxes are located so far from the fulcrum of the lathe-shaft that the momentum when passing the dead-points of the crank is so great, owing to the weight of the parts, as to produce great strain, and requires an unnecessary waste of power. To -obviate this difficulty to a great extent, we locate the center of the revolving boxes q q as near as possible to the fulcrum of the lathe I-viz., underneath the vertical shuttle-boxes p p when at their greatest elevation-and by this arrangement we greatly decrease the momentum of the lathe I.

-The spring-binder c2 is forlned of a single piece of steel, whereby its weight, and consequently the momentum of the boxes, are lesscned.

The index-cam E in Fig. S is ar anged for what we term plain weaving, and during one revolution operates the picker-lever c and d eight times. First, the picker-lever c is operated upon twice in succession; then, by aid of the adjustable rod t', the picker-lever d is operated twice, and so on alternately; but for weaving shot about the section F of the cam E is placed on the opposite side, and the lever c is then operated upon three times in succession; then the lever d twice; thence back to.

the lever c once; then the lever d twice, thus making eight irregular throws while the cam E makes one revolution, and the operations in both of these cases are in harmony with the other motions of the loom.

By the arrangement and construction of this index-cam E we avoid the necessity of using an entire new cam for either of the above changes, or an extra number of surplus pieces, as are now 1n common use.

In weaving carpets, the first and second journals contain white warp, the third and fourth colored warp, the knot-,cords operating the same passing through the trap-boards@ and j2 of the jacquard V, to which are secured the harnesses, these journals being connected with the trap-boards by the levers jl and jl.

Their Operation.

The first or white journal and the back board, i2, in thc j aequard V rise together, while at the same time a portion of the harness contained in the third and fourth journals is raised, carrying up such portions of the colored warp as is required to form the figure. Then while the first journal and back board, 42, are descending the third journal and front board, il, rise together, at the same time carrying up portions of the harness contained in the first and second journals, thus carrying up a portion of the white warp, which forms other parts of the figure. Then, while the third journal and front boa-rd, il, are descending, the second journal and back board, i2, rise together, carrying up again such portions ot' the colored warp contained in the third and fourth journals as the figure or pattern requires. This operation is repeated and continued through the entire web, which constitutes the process of ingrain-carpet weaving. Therefore as the ordinary and common process in this department ofthe loom arrives and tends to the same object as ours, we deem any further explanation at this point unnecessary. Our object in this arrangement of connecting the trap-boards i and i? with the journals Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. by means of the levers 7'1 and j2 makes the action more direct, thus simplifying and rendering the same less complicated.

In order to produce the change which the jacquard V requires in the cylinder-boxes q q, the cam-lever n2 transfers the action from the jacquard V to the cylinder-boxes q q through the connecting devices, thus revolving the cylinder-boxes q q by the action of all the boxes either in their ascending or descending movement. Thus while the vertical boxes p p are making their regular changes (they being operated by the cams O and P) the cylinder-boxes q q at the same time are making their necessary changes when required by the movement of the vertical boxes p p, aided by the cam-lever n2, which engages the forked hooks r1 and r2 with the pin or cogged wheel p2 p2 on either side, as demanded by the jacquard V, which action, with the ascending or descending movement of the vertical boxes p p, leaves the top cylinder-box in a proper range to be used. Thus we obviate by this arrangement the necessity of skipping over boxes, as would be the case if all the boxes were vertical.

Thus the object of the vertical and cylinder boxes p p and q q, used and operated in e011- nection with each other, is for the special purpose that one or more of the vertical boxes 1) p may be used on one or more plies of the cloth, while-the cylinder-boxes q q are in all cases reserved for the shading of one ply, thus simplifying the working parts at this point, as there are no extra cams and levers applied for this purpose, consequently requiring less power to operate the same, and the parts less liable to get out of repair.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The levers 7" y", combined with and operating both the trap-boards and the journals, substantially as described...

2. The combination, with the sliding cylindrical boxes, of the stationary double-hooked pawl and lever n2, controlled by the jacqnar d ranged Within the openings of the lay L'for iessening the jarring of the boxes by the movement of' the lay, :is specied.

' WILLIAM MURKLAND.

JOHN WV. MURKLAND. Witnesses JOHN E. CHENEY, GEO. E. PEVEY. 

